Figure 1

Bar graphs comparing HMGB1 mRNA expression levels in PBMCs from MS patients and healthy controls (A) and between different clinical forms of MS (B). HMGB1 expression was determined by real-time PCR using GAPDH as endogenous control. Results are expressed as fold change in HMGB1 gene expression in MS patients relative to controls. Errors bars represent standard error of the mean. Number of individuals included in the study is shown in parentheses. HC: healthy controls. MS: whole group of multiple sclerosis patients. RR: relapsing-remitting MS. SP: secondary progressive MS. PP: primary progressive MS.