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Figure 7 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Figure 7

From: Role for cFMS in maintaining alternative macrophage polarization in SIV infection: implications for HIV neuropathogenesis

Figure 7

M-CSF and IL-34 increase the frequency of CD16 + CD163 + human monocytes in vitro , which is reversed by inhibition of cFMS signaling. An increase in the frequency of CD163+ and CD16+CD163+ monocytes is observed with both M-CSF (A) and IL-34 (B) but only reaches statistical significance with IL-34 treatment (B). This may reflect the reportedly high affinity IL-34 has for cFMS, suggested by decreased standard deviation seen among replicates treated with IL-34, as compared to those treated with M-CSF. The increased frequencies of these monocyte subsets are abrogated by the addition of GW2580, which restores the frequencies to percentages at or near those seen in PBMC cultured in media only. The frequency of IL-10+ monocytes is high, regardless of treatment; however, a small but statistically significant increase is seen with IL-34.

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