Inflammatory mediator release from primary rhesus microglia in response to Borrelia burgdorferi results from the activation of several receptors and pathways

Table 1 Average fold change ^a in chemokine/cytokine expression in the presence of various TLR4 inhibitors

Cytokine or chemokine/treatment	IL-6	CXCL8	CCL2	TNF
Bb/CLI-095	0.901	0.977	0.884^c	2.239
Bb/CLI-095	(±0.112)	(±0.064)	(±0.114)	(±1.518)
LPS/CLI-095	1.705^b	1.210^b	0.957	2.330^b
LPS/CLI-095	(±0.248)	(±0.075)	(±0.061)	(±1.178)
Bb/TLR4 siRNA	1.218	1.261^b	1.166	0.893
Bb/TLR4 siRNA	(±0.109)	(±0.114)	(±0.104)	(±0.463)
LPS/TLR4 siRNA	1.905^b	1.341^b	1.075	3.720^b
LPS/TLR4 siRNA	(±0.305)	(±0.081)	(±0.056)	(±1.309)

^aFold change values were calculated as B. burgdorferi or LPS with solvent alone/B. burgdorferi or LPS with 0.5 μg/mL CLI-095 from five experiments for each treatment with microglia from four animals. Similarly, fold change values were calculated as treatments with control siRNA/treatments with 25 to 30 nM TLR4 siRNA, from four experiments from four animals. Values higher than 1.0 represent fold-down regulation of chemokine/cytokine while values less than 1.0 represent an increase. Standard error of the mean (SEM) is indicated within parentheses. ^bValues that were significantly downregulated in the majority of experiments (≥60%). ^cA statistically significant increase in expression in those experiments. Bb, B. burgdorferi; CCL2, chemokine (C-C) motif ligand 2; CXCL8, chemokine (C-X-C) motif ligand 8; IL-6, interleukin 6; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; siRNA, small interfering RNA; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

ISSN: 1742-2094