Figure 3From: Insulin improves memory and reduces chronic neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of young but not aged brains Western blot analyses. The infusion of LPS into the fourth ventricle increased the protein level (A, B) of PKCζ, black square, P < 0.05 versus aCSF. Insulin treatment reduced, black diamond, P < 0.001, PKCζ levels as compared to LPS. (C, D) No significant changes were observed for p-AKT Threonine 308 or Serine 473.Back to article page