Figure 3

Influence of MSC treatment on cytokine concentrations. Levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β (at 1, 3, and 7 days), IL-6 (at 1, 3, and 7 days), TNF-α (at 1, 3, and 7 days), and IFN-γ (at 3 and 7 days) were decreased in the MSC-treated group compared with the PBS-treated group (A-D). Levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 (at 1, 3, and 7 days) and TGF-β1 (at 1, 3, and 7 days) were increased in the MSC-treated group compared with the PBS-treated group (E-F). n = 6 in each time point per group. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline.