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Fig. 2 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 2

From: Activation of the kynurenine pathway and increased production of the excitotoxin quinolinic acid following traumatic brain injury in humans

Fig. 2

Ratios of metabolites of the kynurenine pathway indicate a higher production of quinolinic acid. The daily CSF concentrations of each metabolite were used to calculate the individual ratios depicted as follows: a kynurenic acid (KYNA) versus kynurenine (KYN), b quinolinic acid (QUIN) versus KYN, c QUIN versus KYNA and d 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA) versus anthranilic acid (AA). Data is shown as median with 25–75 percentile. Asterisks indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) to control group using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison as post hoc. TBI patients: n = 25 per time point; control group: n = 9. Significant increase in the ratio of QUIN to KYN and QUIN to KYNA when compared to the control level indicating QUIN production increased after TBI

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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094