Fig. 2
From: Cu(II) enhances the effect of Alzheimer’s amyloid-β peptide on microglial activation
TNF-α concentration in the media from microglial cells. Primary (a) and BV-2 (b) microglial cells were stimulated with Cu(II)-Aβ1–40 (at 1–10 μΜ peptide concentrations), Aβ1–40, or Cu(II) for 24 h. c BV-2 cells were stimulated with Cu(II)-Aβ1–40 or Zn(II)-Aβ1–40 (at 5 μΜ peptide concentration), Aβ1–40, Cu(II), or Zn(II) for 24 h. d BV-2 cells were stimulated with Cu(II)-Aβ1–40 or Cu(II)-Aβ1–42 (at 5 μΜ peptide concentration), Aβ1–40 or Aβ1–42, Cu(II), or Cu(II) plus Aβ1–40 or Aβ1–42 (Cu + Aβ40 or Cu + Aβ42; without preincubation) for 24 h. Data are expressed as the means ± SEM of at least three independent experiments. Significance was tested by one-way or two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test comparisons. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs control; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 vs Aβ, Cu(II), or Zn(II) alone