Fig. 6

At an early stage of disease, C5a-peptide vaccines reduce the number of activated microglia and amyloid plaque load in the brain. a Brain sections of 15-month-old Tg2576 mice immunized with either AFF1 (n = 23), AFF2 (n = 23), or control (n = 14) vaccines were stained for CD45-positive microglia cells (green). b The average number of CD45^high cells in the hippocampal region of all sections. c Amyloid plaques visualized by the 3A5 mAB (green) (d). Percentage of amyloid area of the total brain sections all containing the hippocampal region was calculated by the eDefiniens Software. a, c Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue) and the scale bar refers to 100 μm. b, d Bars represent the group means ± SEM of n animals. The p value was determined using one-way ANOVA test followed by a Dunn’s multiple comparison Test (non-parametric test) and expressed as ^* p < 0.05 and ^** p < 0.01