Fig. 4

Src/ERK/NF-κB p65 pathway is involved in methamphetamine-induced HMGB1 expression. a Pretreatment of C6 cells with the σ-1R antagonist (BD1047; 10 μM), the Src inhibitor (PP2; 10 μM), the ERK inhibitor (U0126; 10 μM), or the Ikk-2 inhibitor (SC514; 10 μM) resulted in inhibition of the methamphetamine-mediated expression of HMGB1. b Methamphetamine-induced HMGB1 expression was attenuated by knockdown of σ-1R, Src, ERK, and NF-κB p65 in primary human astrocytes using specific siRNAs. Representative immunoblots and the densitometric analysis of HMGB1/β-actin from three separate experiments are presented. All the data are mean ± SD of three individual experiments. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 compared with control group; #p < 0.05 and ##p < 0.01 compared with methamphetamine-treated group