Fig. 3

Acute CS1 therapy reduces IL-17A levels in CCI nerve. a Taqman qRT-PCR of IL-17A in sciatic nerve after acute intraneural CS1 or sCS1 treatment (50 μg/ml in 5 μl) performed at day 7 post-CCI after the completion of behavioral testing (Fig. 2). The mean relative mRNA ± SEM of n = 5/group normalized to GAPDH compared to naive nerve (*p < 0.05). b Methylene blue/azure II staining in 1-μm-thick sciatic nerve sections after acute intraneural CS1 or sCS1 treatment (50 μg/ml in 5 μl) performed at day 7 post-CCI, after the completion of behavioral testing (Fig. 2). Control nerve showed intact nerve morphology. CCI nerves displayed Wallerian degeneration (axonal degeneration, edema, myelin ovoids, and immune cell infiltration) after sCS1 treatment. In contrast, a greater number of uncompromised axons were observed in CCI nerves treated with CS1. Representative micrographs of n = 3/group. Scale bars, 20 μm