Fig. 1

Characterization of primary glial culture, conditioned medium and overexpression of α-syn. a Immunofluorescence assay was performed in primary glial culture of rat cortex using (A) GFAP (green), (B) MAP2 (red) or (E) CD68 (red) antibodies. Glial cells are stained with glial-specific glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) or CD68 (microglia) but not with MAP2. The nuclei are stained with DAPI. Scale bar: 50 μm. b LDH liberation by SH-SY5Y cells treated with CM. Dose-dependent increase of LDH liberation after treatment with CM on SH-SY5Y cells. The dotted line represents the cells treated with PBS (19.45 % ± 0.98; n = 6). c Production of inflammatory cytokines or chemokine by activated glia. No detectable quantity of TNF-α, IL-1β or KC was detected in CM of non-activated glia. The values represent the mean ± SEM of n = 6. d Representative immunoblotting showing overexpression of α-syn in SH-SY5Y cells. α-Tubulin was used as control. e Empty vector (pHRIG) (A), WT (B) or A30P (C) α-syn-transduced cells express the same amount of TNFR1 (in red). The nuclei are stained with DAPI