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Fig. 1 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 1

From: IL-4/10 prevents stress vulnerability following imipramine discontinuation

Fig. 1

Chronic restraint stress-induced anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors and imipramine co-treatment prevented the induction of stress-related behaviors. Mice were exposed to restraint stress for 21 days (CRS) with saline or imipramine (20 mg/kg; co-Imi+CRS). A serial of behavioral assessments were finished within a week after the termination of CRS and imipramine co-treatment. Anxiety-like behaviors, such as light–dark (LD) box and elevated plus maze (EPM), were assessed using EthoVision XT9 (a). LD the time spent in the dark zone during the 10 min was measured (b). EPM the time spent in the open arms was measured and was expressed as a percentage (c). Sucrose preference (SP) for 1 % sucrose solution over regular drinking water was examined for 2 days after 2 days of inhabitation to two bottle conditions (d). Tail suspension test (TST) was done for a 7-min period, and the duration that the subject remained immobile was calculated (e). Forced swimming test (FST) was done for 5 min following a minute of pre-swimming, and the total immobility time after the pre-swimming was measured (f). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared with the controls unless indicated otherwise with an arrow, n = 10–13 in each group and the data shown are mean ± standard mean error (SEM). Serum glucocorticoid level (Gc level) was analyzed immediately after CRS by performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent (EIA) assay (g). **p < 0.01 compared with the controls, n = 5 in each group and the data shown are mean ± standard mean error (SEM)

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