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Fig. 5 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 5

From: IL-4/10 prevents stress vulnerability following imipramine discontinuation

Fig. 5

Supplement of IL-4 and IL-10 prevents stress vulnerability following imipramine discontinuation with restoration of type 2 microglia marker messenger RNAs. A combination of IL-4 (100 ng) and IL-10 (100 ng) for 5 days was treated intraperitoneally in non-stressed mice (controls) and CRS mice. A combination of IL-4 (100 ng) and IL-10 (100 ng) for 5 days itself does not have an antidepressant-like effect in controls or CRS mice (a). The combination of IL-4 and IL-10 for 5 days does not alter the depression-associated factors, BDNF, and M2-related microglia factor, CX3CR1, in the hippocampus (b). Effect of IL-4 and IL-10 in preventing stress vulnerability and depressive-like behaviors of co-Imi+CRS mice was assessed using sucrose preference (SP) test, elevated plus maze (EPM), tail suspension test (TST), and forced swimming test (FST) (c). Changes in M2 microglia marker expressions, such as fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1), CD200 receptor (CD200R), and CD206, were measured 1 day after (c) of behavior assays (d). RQ value refers to the ratio of respective factors as a percentage of the controls. +p < 0.05, +++p < 0.001 compared with the groups indicated by an arrow. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared with the controls, n = 12–15 per group and the data shown are mean ± standard mean error (SEM)

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