Table 2 The factors associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury

Sex (male/female)

13/7

67/41

0.801

27/13

53/35

0.431

44/20

36/28

0.144

Age (years)

45.0 ± 14.5

42.1 ± 15.8

0.440

43.8 ± 15.5

41.9 ± 15.7

0.522

44.6 ± 16.0

40.4 ± 15.1

0.132

Initial postresuscitation GCS score

3 (1)

6 (4)

<0.001

3 (1)

6 (3)

<0.001

4 (2)

7 (3)

<0.001

Pupils unreactive on admission

18 (90.0 %)

44(40.7 %)

<0.001

32 (80.0 %)

30 (34.1 %)

<0.001

43 (80.0 %)

19 (34.1 %)

<0.001

CT classification 5 or 6

15 (75.0 %)

43 (39.8 %)

0.004

25 (62.5 %)

33 (37.5 %)

0.008

36 (56.3 %)

22 (34.4 %)

0.013

Abnormal cisterns on initial CT scan

18 (90.0 %)

42(38.9 %)

<0.001

29 (72.5 %)

31(35.2 %)

<0.001

40 (62.5 %)

20(31.3 %)

<0.001

Midline shift >5 mm on initial CT scan

17 (85.0 %)

48 (44.4 %)

0.001

30 (75.0 %)

35(39.8 %)

<0.001

42 (65.6 %)

23(35.9 %)

0.001

Presence of traumatic SAH on initial CT scan

16 (80.0 %)

54(50.0 %)

0.013

29 (72.5 %)

41(46.6 %)

0.006

41 (64.1 %)

29 (45.3 %)

0.033

Intracranial surgery in the first 24 h

12 (60.0 %)

46 (42.6 %)

0.151

21 (52.2 %)

37 (42.1 %)

0.271

31 (48.4 %)

27(42.2 %)

0.478

Admission time (h)

2.3 ± 0.9

2.5 ± 1.3

0.446

2.3 ± 0.9

2.5 ± 1.4

0.384

2.3 ± 1.1

2.6 ± 1.4

0.125

Plasma-sampling time (h)

4.2 ± 1.2

3.7 ± 1.6

0.183

3.7 ± 1.2

3.8 ± 1.7

0.627

3.6 ± 1.5

3.9 ± 1.6

0.220

Systolic arterial pressure (mmHg)

139.1 ± 22.6

128.2 ± 28.0

0.105

126.7 ± 30.7

131.4 ± 25.9

0.370

126.4 ± 31.2

133.5 ± 22.9

0.146

Diastolic arterial pressure (mmHg)

81.7 ± 12.6

76.7 ± 18.7

0.255

77.6 ± 16.5

77.4 ± 18.6

0.942

75.5 ± 20.0

79.4 ± 15.5

0.219

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)

102.7 ± 15.1

95.4 ± 18.8

0.100

99.0 ± 16.5

95.4 ± 19.2

0.311

95.6 ± 20.4

97.4 ± 16.3

0.572

Plasma C-reactive protein level (mg/L)

11.1 ± 2.3

7.3 ± 3.1

<0.001

10.3 ± 4.1

6.8 ± 2.0

<0.001

9.3 ± 3.7

6.5 ± 1.9

<0.001

Blood glucose level(mmol/L)

12.7 ± 4.0

9.6 ± 3.1

0.002

13.6 ± 4.1

10.0 ± 3.3

<0.001

12.7 ± 4.0

9.6 ± 3.1

<0.001

Serum ficolin-3 levels (μg/mL)

10.1 ± 4.1

16.9 ± 5.6

<0.001

11.4 ± 4.4

17.8 ± 5.5

<0.001

12.7 ± 4.5

19.0 ± 5.5

<0.001