Fig. 9

Contribution of 5-HTR receptors in TDZ-elicited cyto-protective effects. a Human astrocytes were pre-treated with medium alone (control), or 15 nM (S)-WAY 100135 (5-HT_1AR antagonist), or 30 nM (R)-DOI, or 250 nM clonidine (α-AR agonist), or 100 μM histamine (H₁ histamine receptor agonist). After 15 min, cells were incubated with TDZ (10 μM) for 72 h, followed by LPS-TNF-α for an additional 24 h. b Human astrocytes were pre-treated with medium alone (control), or 15 nM (S)-WAY 100135 (5-HT_1AR antagonist), or 10 nM GR 127935 (5-HT_1B/DR antagonist), or 5 nM RS 127445 (5-HT_2BR antagonist), or 30 nM (R)-DOI or 100 nM SR 57227 (5-HT₃R agonist). After 15 min, cells were incubated with FLUOX (10 μM) for 72 h, followed by LPS-TNF-α for an additional 24 h. At the end of treatments, cell proliferation was measured using MTS assay. The data are expressed as percentage with respect to untreated cells (control), set to 100 %, and are the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments, each performed in triplicate. The significance of the differences was determined using a one-way ANOVA-Tukey HSD post hoc test: **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. control; ^# P < 0.05, ^## P < 0.01, ^### P < 0.001 vs cells treated with LPS-TNF-α; ^§§ P < 0.01, ^§§§ P < 0.001 vs cells treated with TDZ-LPS-TNF-α (a) or FLUOX-LPS-TNF-α (b)