Fig. 5
From: CCR5 limits cortical viral loads during West Nile virus infection of the central nervous system
CCR5 is necessary for recruitment of mononuclear cells to the cortical region of the WNV-infected CNS. The immunophenotype of brain leukocytes and their locations within the cortex were determined in WNV-infected WT and CCR5−/− mice. Mice were infected with 102 PFU of WNV in the footpad. The cerebellum (a, b) and cortex (c, d) were harvested and analyzed by flow cytometry at the indicated days after infection. In separate infections, cortical tissues from WNV-infected WT and CCR5−/− mice were examined for locations of CD3+ cells with respect to WNV antigen or the vasculature at day 8 post infection. a, c The numbers of CD45lo and CD45hi leukocyte populations were determined at the indicated time points after infection. b, d The numbers of CD4+, CD8+, and CD11b+ (macrophage) populations from the CD45hi leukocyte population were determined at the indicated time points after infection. Results represent the means ± SEM of at least four mice per group. Asterisks indicate values that are statistically significant (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). e Detection of WNV antigen (red) and CD3+ T cells (green). Nuclei were counterstained (blue). f Detection of CD31+ endothelial cells (red) and CD3+ T cells (green). Images are representative of 10 images per mouse for 3 mice/genotype. In all images, arrows indicate CD3+ cells. Scale bar = 25 μm