Fig. 4

Hypoestoxide reduces deposition of α-synuclein in a mouse model of PD. a Representative immunohistochemical staining of α-synuclein in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. b Optical density analysis for α-synuclein-positive neuropil in the frontal cortex (n = 5 per each group; two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni’s multiple comparison post-test; ***p < 0.001). Error bars represent ±SEM. c The numbers of α-synuclein-positive cells in the frontal cortex. d, e Optical density analysis of immunoreactivity of α-synuclein in the hippocampus (d) and in the striatum (e) (n = 5 per each group; two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni’s multiple comparison post-test; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). Error bars represent ±SEM. f, g Biochemical analysis of SDS-soluble (f) and SDS-insoluble (g) fractions from the frontal cortex for α-synuclein (n = 5 per each group; two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni’s multiple comparison post-test; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). Error bars represent ±SEM. Scale bars = 250 μm (low magnification) and 25 μm (high magnification)