Fig. 7From: CXCL5 signaling is a shared pathway of neuroinflammation and blood–brain barrier injury contributing to white matter injury in the immature brainCXCL5 alone increased neutrophil infiltration and BBB damage and caused white matter injury. Intracerebroventricular infusion of recombinant CXCL5 (2 μg) or NS on P2 revealed that the CXCL5 group (n = 6) had significantly higher ipsilateral ventricle size ratios (a), reduced myelination (MBP) (b), and increased astrogliosis (GFAP) (c) in the white matter on P12 compared with the vehicle group (n = 6). Scale bar = 100 μm. (d) At 24 h after injection, the NS (n = 6) and CXCL5 groups (n = 6) showed no detectable ED1(+) activated microglia in the white matter. By contrast, the CXCL5 group had a significantly higher number of MPO(+) neutrophils and significantly greater BBB damage compared with the vehicle group. Scale bar = 50 μm (ED1) and 100 μm (IgG and MPO); values are means ± SEMs, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01Back to article page