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Fig. 1 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 1

From: Urban traffic-derived nanoparticulate matter reduces neurite outgrowth via TNFα in vitro

Fig. 1

Anatomical schema and cell types in neonatal mouse olfactory neuroepithelium. a Transverse section of neonatal mouse nares to show the nasal cavity, cribriform plate, and olfactory bulb (OB). Olfactory sensory neurons (OSN, red) are within the lamina propria mucosal layer of the medial nasal septum and ethmoturbinates. OSN axon bundles project to the OB through the cribriform plate as olfactory nerves (red dashed line; red diamond, perikarya). b, c Box outlines locate IHC images. b OE turbinates and medial septum contain βIII-tubulin positive OSNs. The larger magnification of the turbinate region shows the dendritic layer (DL) and the OSN axon bundles in the lamina propria (lam. prop.). Scale bar = 50 μm. c Iba1-immunopositive macrophages in OE form a dense layer in the lamina propria. d Thickness of the dendritic layer in the OE turbinate and septum in response to incubation with nPM. The OE septal dendrites showed a 10 % shrinkage in response to nPM, with consistent shift across all size classes in the frequency distribution (left panel; *p < 0.05; t test; n = 8 nares per group; 30 DL thickness measurements per condition); the means did not differ significantly (CTL 18.0 ± 0.95 μm, nPM 16.2 ± 1.01 μm). The turbinate dendritic layer did not respond to nPM. e Macrophage numbers (Iba1-immunopositive) in the OSN were increased 50 % by nPM, with no change of total Iba1 staining within the lamina propria (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; t test). nPM treatment did not detectibly alter Iba1 staining or MP cell morphology

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