Fig. 3
From: Urban traffic-derived nanoparticulate matter reduces neurite outgrowth via TNFα in vitro
Mixed glia exposed to nPM: increased TNFα mRNA and protein. a TNFα mRNA was significantly induced by 6 and 12 μg/ml nPM. (*p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test; n = 6). Prior data (cross-hatched) was shown to document equivalent activity of different samples of nPM collected at the same site on different years (2009 vs 2010–2011). b TNFα mRNA in mixed glia, enriched astrocytes, and enriched microglia treated with nPM were increased by >3-fold vs CTL: microglia > mixed glia > astrocytes (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; t test; n = 9). Treated microglia had the lowest base Ct values. c TNFα protein in CM was increased by fivefold vs CTL (**p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; t test; n = 6)