Fig. 7

C3a stimulates primary brain endothelial activation and signaling pathways in vitro. Primary brain microvascular endothelial cells of WT C57BL/6J mice and C3aR^−/− mice (a) were stimulated with either vehicle, C3a (200 ng/ml), TNF-α (1 ng/ml), or C3a (200 ng/ml) plus TNF-α (1 ng/ml) for 4 h, and the cell lysates were then analyzed for the expression of adhesion molecules using Western blotting. b Primary brain endothelial cells from wild-type mice were incubated with either vehicle or C3a for the indicated time points, and phosphorylated forms of p65 NF-κB and the MAPK p38 in cell lysates were then detected using Western blotting. Images are representative of four experiments