Fig. 11

Schema of signaling pathway involved in IL-1β-induced inflammation in microglia. IL-1β induces inflammation by binding to its specific receptor IL-1R1 present on the cell surface and leads to the enhanced expression of HSP60 in microglia. HSP60 is secreted by the microglia into the surrounding and binds to TLR4 and further induces the inflammatory process by the activation of MEK3/6 which leads to increased phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase pathway resulting in increased production of pro-inflammatory factors including TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6. HSP60, thus plays an important role in further increasing the intensity of inflammation by forming a feed-forward loop of inflammation in microglia