Fig. 5

Inhibition of TLR4 results in reduced inflammation in microglia in response to IL-1β treatment. Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of TLR4 inhibitor (CLI-095) at different concentrations (5 and 10 μM), 2 h prior to IL-1β treatment. a Left panel depicts western blot analysis of iNOS and COX2 showing effect of TLR4 inhibitor on IL-1β-induced inflammation in microglia, right panel represents the bar diagrams which reflect mean fold change in expression as compared to control. One hundred microgram protein was loaded for western blots of iNOS and COX2, and β-actin was used as a loading control. The blots are representative of three independent experiments. b Effect of inhibition of TLR4 on pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6) was assessed by CBA. Bar diagrams are representative of three independent experiments with similar results. Data represented are mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 in comparison to control values and ^# p < 0.01 in comparison to IL-1β treatment