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Fig. 4 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 4

From: Andrographolide attenuates LPS-stimulated up-regulation of C-C and C-X-C motif chemokines in rodent cortex and primary astrocytes

Fig. 4

Andrographolide as well as inhibitors of NF-κB or JNK attenuated LPS-induced TNF-α mRNA up-regulation in astrocytes. Various concentrations of andrographolide, TPCK, and SP600125 were added to rat primary astrocytes with LPS stimulation as described in the figure legends of Figs. 2 and 3, before the treated cells were processed for RT-PCR. Bar graphs are mean ± SEM transcript fold-changes, with control levels set at 1 for N = 3 independent assays. All raw transcript values have been normalized to mean expression of housekeeping genes (see Methods) prior to conversion to fold-change values. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. n.s. not significant (p > 0.05) for multiple pair-wise comparisons (one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc tests)

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