Fig. 1

Plasma cytokine and chemokine concentrations in moderate and severe TBI patients sampled over 24 h. Cytokines interleukin (IL)-10 (a), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (b). Chemokines eotaxin, eotaxin-3, interferon-gamma induced protein (IP)-10, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, -4, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, and thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC) (c–k) in moderate (GCS 9–12, n = 33, open squares) and severe (GCS 3–8, n = 133, closed squares) TBI patients within the first 24 h of hospital admission vs. healthy control subjects (no TBI, n = 21, open circles). Lines represent the median and interquartile range. *p < 0.05 vs. healthy controls by Kruskal-Wallis. ^† p < 0.05 vs. moderate TBI by Mann-Whitney U test