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Table 3 Binomial logistic regression models assessing the ability of inflammatory markers to predict poor patient outcome, controlling for injury severity

From: Inflammatory cytokine and chemokine profiles are associated with patient outcome and the hyperadrenergic state following acute brain injury

Marker

Admission

Hours after admission

6

12

24

OR

P value

OR

P value

OR

P value

OR

P value

Unfavorable 6-month GOSE

 IL-1β

0.84

0.489

1.84*

0.002

1.65*

0.009

0.91

0.673

 IL-10

1.18

0.376

1.76*

0.005

1.57*

0.019

1.48*

0.034

 TNF-α

1.49*

0.024

1.61*

0.008

1.50*

0.021

1.30

0.138

 IL-8

1.66*

0.007

1.48*

0.030

1.44*

0.036

1.33

0.104

 MCP-1

1.42

0.052

1.09

0.603

1.24

0.213

1.39

0.067

 MDC

1.10

0.586

0.90

0.515

1.45

0.037*

0.85

0.363

Mortality

        

 IL-1β

1.02

0.935

1.06

0.825

1.85*

0.038

1.15

0.598

 IL-10

1.19

0.417

2.82*

<0.001

2.09*

0.003

2.20*

0.003*

 TNF-α

1.58*

0.027

1.77*

0.007

1.58*

0.033

1.19

0.395

 IL-8

1.31

0.168

1.89*

0.005

1.84

0.010*

1.37

0.176

 IP-10

3.11*

<0.001

2.06*

0.002

1.59*

0.030

1.19

0.400

 MCP-1

1.26

0.230

1.46

0.069

1.57*

0.035

0.91

0.674

 MCP-4

1.43

0.090

1.49

0.065

0.99

0.964

0.57*

0.023

 MDC

1.03

0.864

0.91

0.620

1.14

0.529

0.71

0.114

 MIP-1β

1.13

0.544

1.27

0.243

1.29

0.221

0.89

0.592

 TARC

0.95

0.801

1.00

0.991

0.77

0.231

0.56*

0.015

 Eotaxin

1.90*

0.005

1.90*

0.007

1.33

0.208

0.79

0.304

  1. Models were controlled for admission GCS and AIS head scores
  2. All blood biomarker concentrations were standardized by quartiles. A one-unit increase is equivalent to a 25 % increase in biomarker concentration
  3. Abbreviations: OR odds ratio, GOSE extended Glasgow outcome scale, IL interleukin, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha, MCP monocyte chemoattractant protein, MDC macrophage-derived chemokine, IP-10 interferon-gamma induced protein-10, MIP-1β macrophage inflammatory protein–1β, TARC thymus and activation regulated chemokine
  4. *p < 0.05