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Table 4 Clinical characteristics according to dichotomized inflammatory scores

From: Inflammatory cytokine and chemokine profiles are associated with patient outcome and the hyperadrenergic state following acute brain injury

Characteristics

Inflammation—low (IS < 15, n = 33)

Inflammation—high (IS ≥ 15, n = 43)

P value

Catecholamine levelsa (pmol/L)

   

 Epi

1131.5 (656.0–1901.9)

1655.0 (733.2–4307.4)

0.110

 NE

6064.3 (3081.0–18373.4)

12,110.0* (7653.1–37,939.8)

0.013

Injury severity

   

 GCS

7.0 (4.0–9.0)

3.0* (3.0–7.0)

0.002

 AIS head

4.0 (3.0–5.0)

5.0* (4.0–5.0)

0.006

 ISS

20.5 (16.5–29.5)

29.5* (20.0–35.0)

0.014

Outcome (n)

   

 Sepsis/infection

13

9

0.079

 Unfavorable 6-month GOSE

14

33*

0.002

 Overall mortality

4

16*

0.014

 Neurologic death

2

13*

0.009

  1. Values described as the median and interquartile range unless otherwise stated. IS variables consist of peak differences between unfavorable and favorable outcome over 24 h in IL-1β (6 h), IL-10 (6 h), TNF-α (6 h), IL-8 (6 h), MCP-1 (admission), and MDC (12 h)
  2. Abbreviations: IS inflammation score, Epi epinephrine, NE norepinephrine, GCS Glasgow coma scale, AIS abbreviated injury scale, ISS injury severity score, GOSE extended Glasgow outcome scale
  3. *p < 0.05 vs. low inflammatory score by Mann-Whitney U or chi-square, where appropriate
  4. aAverage catecholamine concentrations over 24 h