Fig. 4
TGFβ1 signals through SMAD2/3 transcription factors but does not affect NF-kB translocation. Primary human brain pericytes were treated for 0–48 h with combinations of vehicle (1 mM citric acid, pH 3 with 0.1 % BSA), 10 ng/mL TGFβ1 and 10 ng/mL IL-1β. Cells were fixed and immunostained for NF-kB p65 and SMAD2/3. Representative images at 2 h are shown (a). The intensity of nuclear NF-kB (b) and nuclear SMAD2/3 (c) was determined by automated image analysis from four independent experiments. ***p < 0.001 versus vehicle control at each time point (two-way ANOVA). Scale bar = 50 μm