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Fig. 2 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 2

From: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: the clinical course in light of the chemokine and cytokine levels in cerebrospinal fluid

Fig. 2

Chemokine and cytokine levels in CSF. The patient CSF chemokine and cytokine levels in each of the three previously defined periods were compared with the corresponding control levels. The Kruskal-Wallis test (K-W) was used for multiple-group comparisons, and Dunn’s test was employed for post hoc analysis (statistical significance is denoted as *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005 or ***P < 0.0005). Each sample in each period belonged to one patient. Because patient no. 1 provided more than one sample per period, the average value for this patient was used for multiple-group analysis; a special sign marks this value. Chemokines: a Increased CXCL10 levels were observed during periods 1 and 2 (K-W: 0.0005; Dunn’s: P < 0.0005 and P < 0.05, respectively); b The CXCL13 level was increased only in period 1 (K-W: 0.0015; Dunn’s: P < 0.0005). Th cell-related cytokines: c The IFNγ, d TNFα and e IL17A levels were significantly increased in the patients at all periods during the follow-up period compared with the controls (K-W IFNγ: 0.02, K-W TNFα: 0.02, K-W IL17A: 0.004; Dunn’s: P < 0.05, details provided in the figure). Cytokines important for T cell survival and function: f Increased IL7 levels were detected in periods 2 and 3 (K-W: 0.017; Dunn’s: P < 0.05). g A significant increase in the IL15 levels were observed at all periods (K-W: 0.0013; Dunn’s: P < 0.05, details are provided in the figure)

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