Fig. 2From: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: the clinical course in light of the chemokine and cytokine levels in cerebrospinal fluidChemokine and cytokine levels in CSF. The patient CSF chemokine and cytokine levels in each of the three previously defined periods were compared with the corresponding control levels. The Kruskal-Wallis test (K-W) was used for multiple-group comparisons, and Dunn’s test was employed for post hoc analysis (statistical significance is denoted as *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005 or ***P < 0.0005). Each sample in each period belonged to one patient. Because patient no. 1 provided more than one sample per period, the average value for this patient was used for multiple-group analysis; a special sign marks this value. Chemokines: a Increased CXCL10 levels were observed during periods 1 and 2 (K-W: 0.0005; Dunn’s: P < 0.0005 and P < 0.05, respectively); b The CXCL13 level was increased only in period 1 (K-W: 0.0015; Dunn’s: P < 0.0005). Th cell-related cytokines: c The IFNγ, d TNFα and e IL17A levels were significantly increased in the patients at all periods during the follow-up period compared with the controls (K-W IFNγ: 0.02, K-W TNFα: 0.02, K-W IL17A: 0.004; Dunn’s: P < 0.05, details provided in the figure). Cytokines important for T cell survival and function: f Increased IL7 levels were detected in periods 2 and 3 (K-W: 0.017; Dunn’s: P < 0.05). g A significant increase in the IL15 levels were observed at all periods (K-W: 0.0013; Dunn’s: P < 0.05, details are provided in the figure)Back to article page