Fig. 3

Involvement of kinases in Nrf2 induction by PDTC. a Representative immunoblots with antibodies against phosphorylated ERK1/2, phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated GSK3α/β, and GAPDH in neonatal astrocytes treated with PDTC for 4 h. b Quantification of pERK1/2, c pAkt, and d pGSK3α/β protein levels. Data are expressed as fold change over control cells normalized to GAPDH ± SD. e Representative immunoblots with antibodies against Nrf2, HO-1, and GAPDH in neonatal astrocytes co-treated for 4 h with PDTC and SB415286 (GSK3 inhibitor). f Quantification of Nrf2 and g HO-1 protein expression after 4 h co-treatment of astrocytes with PDTC and SB415286. Data are expressed as fold change over control cells in absence of inhibitor, normalized to GAPDH ± SD. h Exported glutathione after 4 h PDTC co-treatment of neonatal astrocytes in presence of SB415286. Data expressed as nanomole glutathione released into the medium per well. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 relative to corresponding control