Fig. 4

Absence of Nrf2 induction in Nrf2-deficient astrocytes. a Cellular and b released glutathione were determined from WT and Nrf2-deficient adult astrocytes treated with PDTC for 24 h. Data are expressed as percentage of control cells ± SD. c Representative immunoblots with antibodies against NQO1, HO-1, and GAPDH from WT astrocyte samples or d NQO1, HO-1, and β-actin from Nrf2^−/− astrocyte samples treated with PDTC for 24 h. e Quantification of NQO1 and f HO-1 protein expression in WT (Nrf2^+/+) and Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2^−/−) astrocytes treated with PDTC for 24 h. Data are expressed as fold change over control normalized to GAPDH or β-actin ± SD. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.001 relative to corresponding control