Fig. 4

TO901317 attenuated brain tissue and neuronal damage reduced brain edema and BBB disruption after ICH. Representative cresyl violet-stained brain sections of vehicle-treated and 30 mg/kg TO901317-treated mice at a 28, b 4, c 7, and d 14 days post-ICH. Analysis of lesion volumes demonstrates that 30 mg/kg TO901317 significantly reduced hemispheric and striatal atrophy at 28 days and significantly reduced hemorrhagic injury volume and hemispheric enlargement at 4 days. TO901317 also attenuated hemorrhagic injury volume and striatal atrophy at 7 and 14 days. The scale bar is 2 mm. e Representative FJB-stained sections of a sham-injured, a vehicle-treated, and a 30 mg/kg TO901317-treated mouse at 4 days post-ICH. The inset is a representative FJB-positive cell at higher magnification. Quantification analysis shows that TO901317 significantly reduced the number of degenerating neurons at 4 days post-ICH. The scale bar is 100 μm. f Brain water content in the ipsilateral basal ganglion of vehicle-treated mice was significantly higher than in the contralateral basal ganglion at 4 days post-ICH. In the ipsilateral basal ganglion, brain water content of 30 mg/kg TO901317-treated mice was significantly lower than in vehicle-treated mice. Cont-BG contralateral basal ganglia, Cont-CX contralateral cortex, Ipsi-BG ipsilateral basal ganglia, Ipsi-CX ipsilateral cortex. g TO901317 (30 mg/kg) significantly decreased leakage of Evans Blue dye into the brain in the ipsilateral hemisphere compared with the vehicle-treated mice. Values are mean ± SEM; ^*** P < 0.001 versus contralateral hemisphere, ^# P < 0.05, ^## P < 0.01, and ^### P < 0.001 versus vehicle group (n = 6–8 mice/group, Student’s t test)