Fig. 8

TO901317 inhibited LPS- and thrombin-induced inflammatory responses in cultured microglia. In BV2 microglia, co-treatment of 1, 5, 10, or 50 μM TO901317 with LPS or thrombin for 24 h significantly attenuated a LPS- or b thrombin-induced release of NO from the supernatant of microglial cultures. c Co-treatment of 10 μM TO901317 with LPS for 24 h significantly reduced LPS-induced release of IL-1β, IL-6, and MIP-2 from the supernatant of BV2 microglial cultures. d Representative immunoblots and bar graphs show that co-treatment of 10 μM TO901317 with LPS significantly reduced LPS-induced p65 nuclear translocation at 1, 3, and 6 h, p38 and JNK phosphorylation at 3 and 6 h but did not affect Erk phosphorylation in BV2 microglia. Values are presented as mean ± SEM of four independent experiments. ^* P < 0.05, ^** P < 0.01, and ^*** P < 0.001 versus normal control; ^# P < 0.05, ^## P < 0.01, and ^### P < 0.001 versus LPS or thrombin stimulation alone (one-way ANOVA)