From: Role of docosahexaenoic acid in the modulation of glial cells in Alzheimer’s disease
DHA or derivative | Cell type | Effect | Model | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
DHA | Astrocytes | −TNF-α and IL-6 | In vitro primary cell culture from rat brain | |
+Antioxidant enzymes | ||||
−Calcium dyshomeostasis | ||||
+Glutamate uptake | ||||
−ERK | ||||
−MAPK | ||||
RvD1 | Astrocytes | −TNF-α and ERK | In vivo and in vitro primary cell culture from rat and human cell line | [89] |
DHA | Glia | −TNF-α | In vitro primary cell culture from rat brain | [79] |
−IL-1β | ||||
−IL-6 | ||||
−MCP-1 and CCR2 | ||||
DHA | Microglia | +Phagocytic activity | In vitro primary cell culture from rat and mice brain and cell lines | |
−p38 MAPK | ||||
−TNF-α | ||||
−IL-1β | ||||
−IL-6 | ||||
CCL2, CCL3, and CXCL10 | ||||
−NO | ||||
+Glutathione | ||||
−NOS | ||||
−COX2 | ||||
−TLR4 and CD14 | ||||
−NFκB | ||||
DiHDoHE | Microglia | −Ameboid morphology | Choroidal neovascularization in rats | [88] |
DHA | Macrophages/Microglia | −Infiltration | Neurologic pain in rats | |
−CD45high/CD11bhigh | ||||
−Pro-inflammatory cytokines | Cerebral ischemia in rats | |||
+Anti-oxidative pathway | ||||
DHA | Müller glia | −Ameboid morphology | Retina of CLN6NCLF mice | [75] |