TY - JOUR AU - Iizumi, Takuya AU - Takahashi, Shinichi AU - Mashima, Kyoko AU - Minami, Kazushi AU - Izawa, Yoshikane AU - Abe, Takato AU - Hishiki, Takako AU - Suematsu, Makoto AU - Kajimura, Mayumi AU - Suzuki, Norihiro PY - 2016 DA - 2016/05/04 TI - A possible role of microglia-derived nitric oxide by lipopolysaccharide in activation of astroglial pentose-phosphate pathway via the Keap1/Nrf2 system JO - Journal of Neuroinflammation SP - 99 VL - 13 IS - 1 AB - Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of stroke-induced inflammation. Both astroglia and microglia express TLR4, and endogenous ligands produced in the ischemic brain induce inflammatory responses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory cytokines produced by TLR4 activation play harmful roles in neuronal damage after stroke. Although astroglia exhibit pro-inflammatory responses upon TLR4 stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), they may also play cytoprotective roles via the activation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), reducing oxidative stress by glutathione peroxidase. We investigated the mechanisms by which astroglia reduce oxidative stress via the activation of PPP, using TLR4 stimulation and hypoxia in concert with microglia. SN - 1742-2094 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-016-0564-0 DO - 10.1186/s12974-016-0564-0 ID - Iizumi2016 ER -