Fig. 4

Activation of PPARγ reduces the enhanced Aβ-induced inflammation by seipin deficiency. a The upper panel shows representative fluorescence images by seipin (red color, left column) and GFAP (green color, middle column) double immuno-staining in hippocampal CA1 regions of WT mice (scale bar = 50 μm). The white arrows indicate seipin/GFAP-positive cells (yellow color, right column). The bottom panels shows the representative pictures of seipin (green color, left column) and Iba1 (red color, middle column) double immuno-staining in hippocampal CA1 regions of WT mice (scale bar = 50 μm). PcL pyramidal cell layer, RL radiatum layer. b, c Representative pictures of Iba1⁺ cells (scale bar = 50 μm) and GFAP⁺ cells (scale bar = 25 μm) in the hippocampal CA1 regions of WT mice (WT), Aβ_25–35 mice (Aβ), seipin-KO mice (KO), Aβ_25–35-KO mice (KO/Aβ), and rosi-treated KO/Aβ mice (KO/Aβ/rosi). The bar graphs represent the densities of Iba1⁺ microglial and GFAP⁺-activated astrocytes normalized by the control value obtained from WT mice. ^** P < 0.01 vs. seipin-KO mice; ^# P < 0.05 and ^## P < 0.01 vs. Aβ_25–35-KO mice; ⁺ P < 0.05 and ⁺⁺ P < 0.01 vs. KO/Aβ/rosi mice (three-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s test). d, e Levels of hippocampal TNF-α and IL-1β. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 vs. WT mice; ^# P < 0.05 and ^## P < 0.01 vs. seipin-KO mice; ⁺⁺ P < 0.01 vs. Aβ_25–35-KO mice (three-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s test)