Fig. 2

IL-1β expression in brain tissue of rhesus macaques with EAE induced by rhMOG in CFA. Brain lesions were characterized based on the extent of myelin (PLP in brown, left panels) damage and activation of innate immune cells (MHC class II in brown, middle panels). In small perivascular lesions without signs of demyelination (a), IL-1β staining (in brown, right panels) was mainly localized in MHC class II⁺ cells at the edge of the lesion. In large fulminating lesions with extensive demyelination and infiltration of MHC class II⁺ cells (b), IL-1β staining was more pronounced and mainly observed at the edges of the demyelinated area. Double labeling of perivascular lesions for IL-1β (in green) and Iba-1 or MRP14 (in red) demonstrated that all IL-1β⁺ cells were Iba-1⁺ (c), whereas all IL-1β⁺ cells were MRP14⁻ or MRP14^low (d). Original magnifications ×10, scale bar represents 200 μm, insets ×100