Fig. 4

Activation of Nox2 in microglia but not in neurons or astrocytes accounts for A29-V40 peptide-induced loss of the viability and function of dopaminergic neurons. a Changes in the ability of rat neuron-glia, neuron-astrocyte cultures, and neuron-astrocyte cultures which were supplemented with WT or gp91^phox−/− mouse microglia, to take up ³H-labeled DA after exposure to WT α-Syn peptide A29-V40 or LPS. b Changes in the number of TH-positive neurons in rat neuron-glia, neuron-astrocyte cultures, and neuron-astrocyte cultures which were supplied with WT or gp91^phox−/− mouse microglia (i.e., reconstituted neuron-glia cultures), after exposure to WT α-Syn peptide A29-V40 or LPS. c Representative images showing the morphology of TH-positive neurons in cultures after exposure to WT α-Syn peptide A29-V40 or LPS. One-way ANOVA analyses and Newman-Keuls multiple comparison tests were performed. n = 5; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared with the corresponding controls; ^# P < 0.05 and ^## P < 0.01 compared as indicated