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Fig. 7 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 7

From: Identification of a specific α-synuclein peptide (α-Syn 29-40) capable of eliciting microglial superoxide production to damage dopaminergic neurons

Fig. 7

A29-V40 peptide activates microglia and promotes oxidation reaction in vivo. a Representative three-dimensional (3D) images showed that the peptides tested can pass through the BBB and diffuse into the interstitial tissues in the brain. Mice were i.v. injected with saline or FITC-labeled peptides (either A19-A30 or A29-V40) along with Texas red-conjugated lectin. Six hours later, animals were sacrificed and the brain tissues were stained for Ibl-1 and nuclei and imaged by a confocal microscope for 3D-reconstruction. b Expression of MHC-II in brain microglia. WT or gp91phox−/− mice were i.v. injected with saline or peptides (either A19-A30 or A29-V40) along with Texas red-conjugated lectin. Twenty-four hours later, animals were sacrificed and the brain tissues were stained for Ibl-1, MHC-II, and nuclei and imaged by a confocal microscope. 3D images were reconstructed. c Changes in the level of Ibl-1 mRNA in mouse brains. Tissues were collected from WT or gp91phox−/− mice injected with saline or peptides (either A19-A30 or A29-V40) for 24 h. RT-qPCR was performed by using mouse Ibl-1-specific primers and assay kits. d Changes in the level of MHC-II in brain tissues which were collected from WT or gp91phox−/− mice injected with saline or peptides (either A19-A30 or A29-V40) for 24 h. RT-qPCR was performed by using mouse MHC-II-specific primers and assay kits. e Changes in the content of MDA in brain tissues which were collected from WT or gp91phox−/− mice injected with saline or peptides (either A19-A30 or A29-V40) for 24 h. Assays were performed by following the manufacture manual. In ce, ANOVA analyses followed by Newman-Keuls multiple comparison tests were performed. n = 3–5; *P < 0.05 compared with the corresponding saline-treated controls. Bar = 20 μm

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