Fig. 6

Effects of RBE on the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in LPS-activated microglia. Cells were pre-treated with RBE (50–300 μg/ml) for 24 h followed by stimulation with or without LPS (10 ng/ml) for 4 h. Afterwards, gene expression of a TNF-α, b IL-1β, c IL-6, and d IL-10 was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. GAPDH was used as an internal control for normalization and data were quantified by using comparative cycle threshold Ct method. Data are presented as percentage control of LPS. Results are expressed as means ± SEM of three to five independent experiments. Statistical analyses were carried out by using one-way ANOVA with post hoc Student-Newman-Keuls test (multiple comparisons). ^* p < 0.05; ^** p < 0.01; ^*** p < 0.001 compared with LPS (10 ng/ml)-activated cells