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Fig. 2 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 2

From: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces remote apoptotic cell death and inflammation after focal brain injury

Fig. 2

rTMS reduces astrocytes and microglial activation in remote regions and improves functional recovery. a Representative confocal microscopy images of Iba-1 positive microglial cells (red) and GFAP positive astrocytes (green) both counterstained with Dapi (blue) in pontine nuclei of HCb-sham and HCb-rTMS groups. b Histograms of the number of Iba-1+ microglial cells and GFAP+ astrocytes in pontine nuclei in Ctrl-s, HCb-s, Ctrl-rTMS, and HCb-rTMS groups. c Histograms of mRNA expression level of Iba-1 and GFAP in Ctrl-s, HCb-s, Ctrl-rTMS, and HCb-rTMS groups. d Representative immunoblots and densitometric graphs of Iba-1 and GFAP protein levels in pontine nuclei of Ctrl-s, HCb-s, Ctrl-rTMS, and HCb-rTMS groups. e Time course of neurological recovery (NSS) in the Ctrl-s, HCb-s, Ctrl-rTMS, and HCb-rTMS groups. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Scale bars: A = 100 μm

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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094