Fig. 6

Treatment with Pom 5 h after TBI significantly reduced injury-induced cortical cytokine mRNA expression and protein abundance at 8 h after TBI. TBI-induced marked elevations in mRNA levels of a TNF-α, b IL-1β, and c IL-6. Treatment with Pom (0.5 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the elevation in mRNA transcript levels when compared with TBI + veh levels. Changes in cytokine protein abundance mirrored those of mRNA transcripts (d, e, f). Mean ± S.E.M. (n = 5 in each group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared with the sham group. ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01, ^### p < 0.001 compared with the TBI + veh group