Fig. 5
From: TLR2 and TLR9 modulate enteric nervous system inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide
TLR activation in ENS culture is associated to TLR2 up-regulation. TLR mRNA levels were assessed in rat ENS culture stimulated for 8 h with the indicated MAMPs. a Pam2CSK4 (n = 5–10; TLR2 ligand vs. control, ***P < 0.001). b LPS (n = 5–10; TLR2 ligand vs. control, ***P < 0.001; TLR4 and TLR9 ligand vs. control, *P < 0.05). c ODN 1826 (n = 5–10; TLR2 ligand vs. control, **P < 0.01; TLR9 ligand vs. control, *P < 0.05)