Fig. 3

Inhibition of matrix metalloprotease’s attenuates sCX3CL1 release from human astrocytes. Human astrocytes (grown in speciality media) were pre-treated with a pan MMP inhibitor (MMP inhib.) Marimastat (1 μM) for 30 min. Cells were then stimulated with either a IL-1β (100 pg/ml), b TNF-α (10 ng/ml) or c IFN-γ (10 ng/ml) for 18 h. All groups were serum starved 3 h before treatments. Quantification of CX3CL1 ELISA revealed a significant decrease in CX3CL1 when cells were pre-treated with Marimastat for all treatment groups. ###p < 0.001 compared to own control; ***p < 0.001 and **p < 0.05 compared to the matched treated group. All values expressed as averages ± SEM; n = 3–5, each condition done in duplicate (one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test)