Fig. 9

Ex-4 reduced Iba1+ microglial/macrophage cells and neutrophil infiltration in warfarin-associated HT after cerebral ischemia. Immunostaining of Iba1 was performed in the cortical and subcortical areas supplied by the middle cerebral artery. a Representative immunofluorescence images showed Iba1+ (green) and DAPI+ (blue) microglia/macrophages in the Ex-4-treated mice compared to the warfarin-associated HT group. Scale bar 100 μm. b Quantitative analysis of Iba1+ cells. The expression levels of Iba1 (c) and MPO (d) were detected by western blotting. e Representative images show microglial morphology in different groups. Scale bar 50 μm. f The number of activated microglia was expressed as a percentage of the total number of Iba1+ cells. g The cell body to cell size ratio of microglia provides additional information about microglial activation. Data are presented as mean ± SD from six independent experiments and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. *P < 0.05 vs. MCAO group; ^# P < 0.05 vs. MCAO + warfarin group; **P < 0.05 vs. MCAO + warfarin + Ex-4 group