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Fig. 11 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 11

From: Type-1 angiotensin receptor signaling in central nervous system myeloid cells is pathogenic during fatal alphavirus encephalitis in mice

Fig. 11

Telmisartan prevents irreversible neuronal damage and loss in the brains and spinal cords of NSV-infected mice. Fluoro-Jade C staining shows extensive labeling of hippocampal neurons in a mouse 7 days after NSV infection (right panel, a) compared to an uninfected control (left panel, a). Bar = 75 μm for both panels. Quantification of staining at this stage of infection as described in the “Methods” section shows that telmisartan (100 mg/kg/day) reduces damage to these neurons compared to animals treated with a vehicle control (b). In the lumbar spinal cord, silver staining shows prominent axonal loss in individual ventral nerve roots (each marked with an *) on day 7 post-infection (right panel, c) compared to an uninfected control (left panel, c). Bar = 100 μm for both panels. Quantification of axonal density in these ventral nerve roots as described in the “Methods” section shows that telmisartan treatment (100 mg/kg/day) reduces damage to lumbar motor neurons from which these axons arise compared to animals treated with a vehicle control (d). Student’s t test was used to analyze both the degree of cell damage in vehicle-treated versus naïve mice (†p < 0.0001 in both the hippocampus and spinal cord) as well as the degree to which drug treatment suppressed neuronal damage compared to those from vehicle-treated controls (*p = 0.0006 in the hippocampus; *p = 0.0005 in the spinal cord)

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