Fig. 3
From: α-Synuclein deficiency promotes neuroinflammation by increasing Th1 cell-mediated immune responses
Increased splenic Th1 cell frequency in aSyn−/− mice during the onset phase of EAE. Ex vivo flow cytometry revealed a higher frequency of splenic IFN-γ+ Th1 cells 2 days after disease onset in aSyn−/− mice as compared to aSyn+/+ mice (n = 4; *p < 0.05) (a) but no differences in the frequency of IL-17A+ Th17 cells (n = 4; p > 0.05) (b). The spleen of aSyn−/− mice also exhibited higher frequencies of IFN-γ+/IL-17A+ Th1/Th17 cells (n = 4; ***p < 0.01) (c), whereas regulatory T cells remained unaltered (n = 4; p > 0.05) (d). e In vitro differentiation under Th1-, Th17-, or regulatory T cell-polarizing conditions was similar for naive CD4+ T cells derived from aSyn−/− and aSyn+/+ mice (n = 3; p > 0.05)