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Fig. 9 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 9

From: Bullatine A stimulates spinal microglial dynorphin A expression to produce anti-hypersensitivity in a variety of rat pain models

Fig. 9

Blockade effects of intrathecal injection of the microglial inhibitor minocycline (a), specific dynorphin A antiserum (b), and selective k-opioid receptor antagonist GNTI (c–e) on bullatine A- and dynorphin A-induced anti-allodynia in neuropathic rats. Neuropathic pain was induced by tight ligation of L5/L6 spinal nerves. Minocycline, the antiserum, and opioid receptor antagonists were injected intrathecally 4 and 0.5 h before intrathecal treatment with bullatine A. The data are presented as means ± SEM (n = 6 in each group). Symbols a and b denote statistical significance compared with the saline control group and bullatine A or dynorphin A group (P < 0.05, two-way ANOVA followed by the post hoc Student–Newman–Keuls tests)

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