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Fig. 5 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 5

From: 1-Oleyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes polarization of BV-2 and primary murine microglia towards an M1-like phenotype

Fig. 5

LPA induces expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. a BV-2 and PMM were cultured on 24-well plates and serum-starved (untreated) or incubated in the presence of 1 μM LPA for the indicated times. mRNA expression of different inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was monitored by qPCR and normalized to Hprt. Data are shown as mean + SD from three independent experiments performed in triplicate. Expression profiles were determined using the 2-ddCt method. b Serum-starved microglia cells were treated with LPA (1 μM) for the indicated times. Murine ELISA kits were used to quantitate the concentrations of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, CCL5 (RANTES), and CXCL2 (MIP-2) in the cellular supernatants. Results shown represent mean + SD from two independent experiments performed in triplicate. Data are expressed as mean values + SD (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction)

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