Fig. 8

LPA receptor antagonists attenuate M1 surface marker expression in BV-2 cells. Serum-starved (o/n) cells were cultivated in the presence of vehicle, LPA (1 μM), or LPA plus a BrP-LPA (5 μM) and b TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. Inhibitors were added 2 h prior LPA addition. Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD40, APC-conjugated anti-CD86, or PE-conjugated anti-CD206 antibodies and analyzed using a Guava easyCyte 8 Millipore flow cytometer. Results from four individual experiments in triplicate are shown as mean values + SD. (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 compared to untreated or DMSO-treated cells; ^# p < 0.05; ^## p < 0.01; ^### p < 0.001 inhibitor compared to LPA-treated cells; one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction)